Verringerung von frostschaden an obstblüten und maispflanzen durch bakterizide

Blüten von Pfirsich, Pflaume, Sauerkirsche, Apfel und Birne sowie im Freiland herangezogene Maispflanzen wurden nach Inokulation mit Ice ⁺ Pseudomonas fluorescens, Isolat 533, mit Antinukleationsagenzien unterschiedlicher chemischer Zusammensetzung tropfnaß besprüht und künstlichen Frostbelastungen bis ‐3,5 °C ausgesetzt. Der Anteil der überlebenden Blüten bzw. Maisblätter von jeder Variante wurde ausgezählt und in Prozent von der gesamten Zahl getesteter Blüten bzw. Maisblätter als Frostschaden dargestellt.

Die Antinukleationsagenzien verringerten an Maispflanzen den Frostschaden signifikant im Vergleich zu den inokulierten Pflanzen. Kocide 101 sowie das quartäre Ammoniumsalz 6151 zeigten sogar einen geringeren Schaden gegenüber der unbehandelten Kontrolle.

An den Obstblüten ergaben die Mittelapplikationen widersprüchliche Resultate. Der Anteil erfrorener Blüten variierte sowohl innerhalb der Versuchsvarianten als auch zwischen den Obstarten.

Die Annahme vieler Autoren, daß die primäre Quelle der Eisbildung in Obstgehölzen, einschließlich der anhaftenden Blüten, innere mit dem Holz assoziierte, jedoch abiotische Eiskeime sind, wurde diskutiert. An krautigen Pflanzen, wie Mais, kann dagegen der Frostschaden durch die Anwendung von Bakeriziden verringert werden.     

Evoked Emotions Predict Food Choice

In the current study we show that non-verbal food-evoked emotion scores significantly improve food choice prediction over merely liking scores. Previous research has shown that liking measures correlate with choice. However, liking is no strong predictor for food choice in real life environments. Therefore, the focus within recent studies shifted towards using emotion-profiling methods that successfully can discriminate between products that are equally liked. However, it is unclear how well scores from emotion-profiling methods predict actual food choice and/or consumption. To test this, we proposed to decompose emotion scores into valence and arousal scores using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and apply Multinomial Logit Models (MLM) to estimate food choice using liking, valence, and arousal as possible predictors. For this analysis, we used an existing data set comprised of liking and food-evoked emotions scores from 123 participants, who rated 7 unlabeled breakfast drinks. Liking scores were measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, while food-evoked emotions were measured using 2 existing emotion-profiling methods: a verbal and a non-verbal method (EsSense Profile and PrEmo, respectively). After 7 days, participants were asked to choose 1 breakfast drink from the experiment to consume during breakfast in a simulated restaurant environment. Cross validation showed that we were able to correctly predict individualized food choice (1 out of 7 products) for over 50% of the participants. This number increased to nearly 80% when looking at the top 2 candidates. Model comparisons showed that evoked emotions better predict food choice than perceived liking alone. However, the strongest predictive strength was achieved by the combination of evoked emotions and liking. Furthermore we showed that non-verbal food-evoked emotion scores more accurately predict food choice than verbal food-evoked emotions scores.     

Analyse der Regenerationsfähigkeit der Insektenextremität durch Amputations- und Transplantationsversuche an Larven der afrikanischen SchabeLeücophaea maderae Fabr. (Blattaria)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Direct mutation analysis of beta-thalassemia genes in families of various ethnic origins residing in Germany

DNA from Mediterranean and Asian beta-thalassemia patients, now residing in Germany, has been characterized by oligonucleotide hybridization and direct restriction analysis. Using five oligonucleotide pairs complementary to the most frequent beta-thalassemia mutations, and three different restriction enzymes, we were able to detect 33 of 36 mutations directly.     

The fate of the bacterial chromosome in P22-infected cells of Salmonella typhimurium

Summary Evidence is presented that in cells of Salmonella typhimurium infected with phage P22 there is no conversion of bacterial DNA material into phage DNA material. It has been shown also that infection with P22 does not cause measurable breakdown of the bacterial chromosome to phage-sized or smaller DNA fragments.     

Fluid shear stress stimulates breast cancer cells to display invasive and chemoresistant phenotypes while upregulating PLAU in a 3D bioreactor

Breast cancer cells experience a range of shear stresses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However most current in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models fail to systematically probe the effects of this biophysical stimuli on cancer cell metastasis, proliferation, and chemoresistance. To investigate the roles of shear stress within the mammary and lung pleural effusion TME, a bioreactor capable of applying shear stress to cells within a 3D extracellular matrix was designed and characterized. Breast cancer cells were encapsulated within an interpenetrating network hydrogel and subjected to shear stress of 5.4 dynes cm⁻² for 72 hr. Finite element modeling assessed shear stress profiles within the bioreactor. Cells exposed to shear stress had significantly higher cellular area and significantly lower circularity, indicating a motile phenotype. Stimulated cells were more proliferative than static controls and showed higher rates of chemoresistance to the anti-neoplastic drug paclitaxel. Fluid shear stress-induced significant upregulation of the PLAU gene and elevated urokinase activity was confirmed through zymography and activity assay. Overall, these results indicate that pulsatile shear stress promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, invasive potential, chemoresistance, and PLAU signaling.